The green bug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. A fact from schizaphis graminum appeared on wikipedia s main page in the did you know. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, has been recognized as a major pest of small grains for over 150 years. Media in category schizaphis graminum the following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Schizaphis graminum toxogr schizaphis hypersiphonata schphy.
Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani, biotype e, in sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is the main pest of wheat that can. Pdf induced resistance to the greenbug aphid schizaphis. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, damage symptoms on seashore paspalum turfgrass. Evaluation of different wheat varieties for resistance. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were. Evidence of the biochemical basis of host virulence in the.
Wheat plants had higher biomass and yield and lower water and nitrogen content of grain when grown under elevated co2 than under ambient co2. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum hemiptera. Identification of chromosomal regions responsible for greenbug resistance will facilitate both mapbased cloning and markerassisted breeding. Control methods for greenbugs have included natural enemies, crop. There are about 40 recognized schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from north america blackman and eastop 2000. Plant breeders have spent considerable effort developing aphidresistant, smallgrain varieties to limit insecticide control of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum.
Schizaphis graminum toxogroverview eppo global database. Read the sex pheromone of the greenbug, schizaphis graminum, entomologia experimentalis et applicata on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf. The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily aphidoidea in the order hemiptera. The greenbug, or wheat aphid schizaphis graminum, is an aphid in the superfamily. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, reciprocally crossed, and inbred. China 2 college of plant protection, henan agricultural university, zhengzhou. Buchnera aphidicola is the prokaryotic, intracellular symbiont found in the aphid schizaphis graminum. Within populations of this species, several biotypes, which are clones that share same virulence relationships with cultivated plants, can be distinguished. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of wheat. Resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani in rain fed wheat genotype. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing. Pdf biotype characterization and genetic diversity of.
Feeding behavior and development of biotypes e, g, and h of. In this study, a transcriptome sequencing, and the expression of the 12 genes related to insecticide resistance were conducted in s. Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum rondani. General information about schizaphis graminum toxogr. Enemy removal experiments and enemy trap experiments were used for evaluating the natural enemies of greenbug, s. Biotypes e, g, and h of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, were monitored on susceptible wintermalt and resistant post barley to determine their feeding behavior, developmental time, and fecundity on these cultivars. The polymerase chain reaction pcr using primers designed on the busts of these rdna sequences, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis, successfully distinguishes all 4 aphelinus populations from each other and from the russian wheat aphid and another economically important cereal aphid, the greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. Biometrical genetic analysis of luteovirus transmission in. The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is one of the most important cereals pests in the world. Described by rondani, it was first placed in the genus aphis rondani 1852 and later moved to the genus toxoptera. Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing. It damages wheat crop directly through feeding on phloem tissues as well as indirectly by serving as primary vector of cereal diseases, including yellow dwarf viruses chapin et al. In this research, eight greenbug clones, collected on wheat in the cerealgrowing region of beja. The frequent use of insecticides poses severe threats to nontarget.
Characterization and genetic relationships among brazilian. Smith2 1usda, ars 2department of plant pathology, cornell university, ithaca, ny 14853 3department of biological sciences, ithaca college, ithaca, ny 14850 abstract. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission in the aphid schizaphis graminum. Based on host plant response to infestation, several biotypes of this pest have been identified and their. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Skyline is an open source software program that can be downloaded from. Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani is one of the major insect pests of sorghum and can cause serious damage to sorghum plants, particularly in the us great plains. Inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani. Issued also on microfiche from lange micrographics. However, few studies have attempted to identify the different defence responses induced in wheat by s.
Aphididae consist of 2 mandibular and 2 maxillary stylets. Complementarity of genes for resistance to greenbug. Percentage transmission progressively declined from 36% for the first instar to 2% for adults zhou and rochow. We studied the genetic architecture of virus transmission by crossing a vector and a non. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in.
The aphid schizaphis graminum is an important vector of the viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf disease. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals cyclophilin proteins are involved in the transmission of cereal yellow dwarf virus. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. Overall, post caused significantly greater frequencies of nonfeeding, probing, and salivation events for biotype e than for biotype h. Effects of elevated co2 twice ambient on the interspecific competition among three species of wheat aphids sitobion avenae, rhopalosiphum padi, and schizaphis graminum and on wheataphid interactions were studied. Biotype screening of this pest is essential to develop pest management programs. Abstract greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. Comparative transcriptome and histological analyses of. Aphididae, is a pest on wheat and sorghum sorghum bicolor, but its crop hosts also include barley, oats, and rye puterka and peters, 1990.
Schizaphis graminum an overview sciencedirect topics. Its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. The sequencing and subsequent bioinformatics analysis outputed 46,593 unigenes, among which 28,289 unigenes were annotated to corresponding functions by blasting with. Electron microscope studies of the stylets showed that each mandible is provided with a closed duct which contains a nerve. The greenbug schizaphis graminum rondani is an aphid pest of small grains. This is your first entry to the taxa hierarchy display.
Polymerase chain reaction techniques for distinguishing three. Using an immunological approach, we have quantitated the amount of the b. Resistance and susceptibility of some wheat cultivars and. A new distribution map is provided for schizaphis graminum rondani hemiptera. More than 70 graminaceous plant species have been reported as hosts for the gb worldwide and.
Sorghum is a worldwide important cereal crop and widely cultivated for grain and forage production. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the. This study investigated the impact of transgenic wheat expressing galanthus nivalis agglutinin gna, commonly known as snowdrop lectin, on three wheat aphids. Oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis graminum. Madhusudhana, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is.
In contrast with the potato aphid macrosiphum euphorbiae, s. Note small chlorotic spits surrounded by water soaked spots on both leaves. The resulting progeny were cloned via parthenogenetic reproduction, so their virulence to resistance genes gb2 amigo and gb3 largo could be established using. We compared the feeding behavior and the lifetable parameters of aphids reared on gna transgenic wheat test group and those aphids reared on. Nov 20, 2019 molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, the transcriptome and digital gene expression dge profile were analyzed using illumina sequencing.
Clones of greenbug biotypes c, e, and f were induced into the sexual cycle, r. At least 70 other noncultivated grasses have also been reported as hosts for s. Molecular mapping of qtls for resistance to the greenbug. The greenbug schizaphis graminum, is a major pest of wheat worldwide. Infestation of the phytotoxic aphid schizaphis graminum can rapidly induce leaf chlorosis in susceptible plants, but this effect is not observed with the nonphytotoxic aphid sitobion avenae. Genetics of esterasemediated insecticide resistance in the aphid schizaphis graminum skip to main content. There are about 40 recognized schizaphis species worldwide with seven known from north america blackman and. Reddish spots and necrotic tissue result after only four days of feeding. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani gb, and the yellow sugarcane aphid, sipha.
Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani edis university of. Differential expression of genes in greenbug schizaphis. Transmission of two viruses that cause barley yellow dwarf is controlled by different loci in the aphid, schizaphis graminum stewart m. Bydvsgv transmission efficiency correlates with host adaptation of the aphid schizaphis graminum gray et al.
Jia20171144 selection and evaluation of potential reference genes for gene expression analysis in greenbug schizaphis graminum rondanizhang baizhong 1, 2, liu junjie 1, yuan guohui 2, chen xiling 1, gao xiwu 3. Based on host plant response to infestation, several biotypes of this pest have been identified and their phylogenetic relationships inferred using the mitochondrial coi. Genetic regulation of polerovirus and luteovirus transmission. Evaluation of natural enemies of greenbug, schizaphis. You can modify these specifications at any time by clicking the change items displayed button in the header. Identification greenbugs are small, pale green aphids with a dark green line down the back and antennae as long as the body fig. Insecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects. It is a sapsucking aphid, which removes the phloem sap, and injects. Biotype characterization and genetic diversity of the. Pdf oversummering and biotypic diversity of schizaphis. Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during growth. The mouth parts of schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. Aphididae attacks cereals, particularly wheat triticum spp. Therefore, to improve plant resistance to aphids is one of the topical.
Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, populations oversummering on noncultivated grass hosts. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum. Common name isynonym iother names i buchnera aphidicola str. Pdf resistance pattern against schizaphis graminum. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members. Pdf wheat greenbug schizaphis graminum being the most important pest of wheat is responsible for viral. Wide differences were found in the ability of the five stages of schizaphis graminum to transmit bydv. Spectral counting peptide data from table 3 for cyclophilin a. Mitochondrial dna sequence divergence among schizaphis. Information is given on the geographical distribution in europe, bosniaherzegovina, bulgaria.
Levels of buchnera aphidicola chaperonin groel during. Our results indicate that the increase in groel approximately follows the increase in aphid. Schizaphis graminum strain sg taxonomy navigation buchnera aphidicola schizaphis graminum terminal leaf node. Gray1,2, marina c caillaud3, mary burrows1 and dawn m. Greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, is a major insect pest of sorghum causing significant economic damage. On plants, they are usually found feeding on the undersides of lower leaves fig. The inheritance of greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani, virulence to wheat, triticum aestivum l.
Aphididae, is an aphid pest of wheat, triticum aestivum, sorghum, sorghum bicolor, barley. Genomic and proteomic analysis of schizaphis graminum reveals. Insect and plantderived mirnas in greenbug schizaphis. Media in category schizaphis graminumthe following 8 files are in this category, out of 8 total. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpdcfba operon in buchnera aphidicola endosymbiont of the aphid schizaphis graminum. Seedling bulk test revealed seven varieties pak81, millat08, fareed06, miraj. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani is a major pest species of wheat crops. Effect of solanum glycosides on the aphid schizaphis graminum. It is a true bug and feeds on the leaves of gramineae grass family members its original distribution is the palaearctic, but it has been introduced to other parts of the world. The greenbug, schizaphis graminum rondani homoptera. Elevated co2 changes interspecific competition among three.
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